Ga Young Bae (Inje University)

Young Beom Kwak (Inje University)

Ga Young Bae (Inje University)

Jang Mi Han (Inje University)

Young Beom Kwak (Inje University)

Nipah virus is a highly lethal zoonotic pathogen capable of human-to-human transmission, with no approved vaccines or specific therapeutics available. This study used network pharmacology to compare the therapeutic mechanisms of Andrographis paniculata and Panax ginseng against Nipah virus infection. Active compounds were collected from the KNApSAcK and PubChem databases, and target proteins were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction and the Similarity Ensemble Approach(SEA). Drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated using SwissADME. PPI, compound-target(CT), and compound-target-pathway(CTP) networks were constructed using common targets with Nipah virus-related genes, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. A total of 46 active compounds were identified for A. paniculata and 38 for P. ginseng. ADME analysis predicted blood-brain barrier permeability for 13 compounds from A. paniculata but only Ginsenoside Rh4 from P. ginseng. Eighteen and twelve common targets were identified, respectively, with TNF, STAT3, EGFR, and MMP9 as common hub proteins. GO, KEGG, and CTP analyses suggested that both medicinal plants regulate immune and inflammatory responses through distinct signaling pathways, indicating complementary mechanisms. These findings suggest that A. paniculata and P. ginseng are promising multi-target candidates for Nipah virus treatment; however, further mass spectrometry-based experimental validation is needed to verify the predicted mechanisms.

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