Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major end products of gut microbial fermentation. After absorption in the colonocytes, some SCFAs might flow into tricarboxylic acids (TCAs) cycle and be used for energy metabolism. TCAs play important roles in energy homeostasis and numerous disease conditions in human body. Thus, exploring changes of SCFAs and TCAs helps understand the mechanism of disease and can be used as biomarker discovery including gastric cancer. In this study, we developed a feasible method for the analysis of SCFAs and TCAs in human plasma by GC-MS/MS-MRM combined with lyophilization using tetra-ethylammonium bromide (TEABr) to minimize loss of volatile SCFAs and protection of base decarboxylation of TCAs. Established method can precisely and accurately profile the SCFAs and TCAs and giving high sensitivity, selectivity, and low matrix effect. We successfully analyzed 67 human plasma samples from patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG, n=21), intestinal metaplasia (IM, n=12), and gastric cancer (GC, n=34). Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between SCFA - TCA metabolism and progression of gastric cancer. From the statistical analysis, there were significant differences in metabolism of butyrate, propionate, fumarate, α-ketoglutarate, and cis-aconitate during the progression of CSG into IM and gastric cancer. The developed method will be useful to understand cancer metabolism mechanisms and able to find potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of gastric disorders.